Causative dan Word Order

1.        Causative

Causative digunakan dalam kalimat yang mengandung pengertian bahwa subjek dalam kalimat ini tidak melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Pola causative ada yang berbentuk aktif dan ada yang berbentuk pasif. Kata kerja yang digunakan pada pola ini adalah have dan get.

Keterangan:
Have, has, dan had pada kalimat causativebukan sebagai auxilliary verbs tetapi berfungsi sebagai verba yang artinya “menyuruh”. Selain have dan variasi bentuknya, pada kalimat causative jenis ini juga terkadang menggunakan make atau made.

Pola I: S + have/has/had + O [Person] + infinitive

Causative “have” dalam bentuk aktif:

§  I have someone clean my room.

§  He had someone clean my room.

§  She has him repair her car. 

Pola II : S + have/has/had + O [Thing] + V3

Causative “have” dalam bentuk pasif: 

§  I have my room cleaned by someone.

§  He had my room cleaned by someone.

§  She has my car repaired by him.

Pola III : S + get + O [Person] + to infinitive

Causative “get” dalam bentuk aktif: 

§  I get someone to clean my room.

§  She got him to repair her car.

Pola IV: S + get + O [Thing] + V3

Causative “get” dalam bentuk pasif: 

§  I get my room cleaned by someone.

§  She got her car repaired by him.

Kesimpulan:
Pada pembentukannya, kalimat causative dengan have atau get pada bentuk pasif polanya sama, tetapi pada bentuk aktif berbeda.

Contoh Soal TOEFL Causative

1. Susi made Andi ______ his sandals before he went into her house.
    A. takes off
    B. take off
    C. took off
    D. taken off
Jawaban : B
Key word : made

2. Ani : What a nice dress! Did you make it yourself?
    Ati : Oh, I got it made.
    The underlined sentence means ______.
    A. Ati bought the dress
    B. Ati made the dress herself
    C. Ati had to make her dress
    D. Someone made Ati’s dress

Jawaban : D
Key word : I got it made

3. “Mahmud had the oil of his car changed yesterday” means ______.
    A. “He changed the oil of his car”
    B. “He had to change the oil of his car”
    C. “Someone changed the oil of his car”
    D. “He would have changed the oil of his car”
Jawaban : C
Key word : had

4. Dedi : “Arya, how do you inspect in our new criminals?”
    Arya : “I had the special agent _______”
    A. investigate
    B. investigated
    C. to investigate.
    D. investigates
Jawaban : A
Key word : had the special agent

5. Agung : Send this letter today.
    Secretary : Yes, Sir.
    From the dialogue we know that Agung will have the letter ______.
    A. deliver
    B. delivered
    C. to deliver
    D. to be delivering
Jawaban : B
Key word : Agung will have the letter.

6. The old man wants to get his son _____ him to another city as he is not strong enough to do it by himself.
    A. Driven
    B. Drive
    C. To drive
    D. To be driven
Jawaban : C
Key word : wants to get his son

7. The manager was not able to finish this job by himself as he was too busy taking care other work, so he asked me, his assistant, _____ the job.
    A. Finish
    B. To finish
    C. Finished
    D. Would finish
Jawaban : B
Key word : asked

8. Arifa had his teacher phoned for he had got stomachache.
    It means that _____
    A. Arifa called his teacher by himself
    B. Arifa calls his own teacher via telephone.
    C. Arifa made his teacher call him
    D. Arifa asked someone else to call his teacher
Jawaban : D
Key word : had his teacher phoned

9. Because the couple are too busy to prepare their wedding, they _____.
    A. Have organized everything for their wedding party
    B. Want to organize everything by themselves
    C. Have the wedding organized
    D. Want to organize their own wedding party
Jawaban : C
Key word : too busy to prepare

10. The owner of the shop let the beggar _____ in front of their shop.
    A. Begged
    B. To beg
    C. To be begged
    D. Beg
Jawaban : D
Key word : let the beggar

2.         Word Order

Word order adalah aturan menyusun kata-kata agar menjadi kalimat sempurna.  Bagaimana menjawab soal TOEFL dalam bentuk ini? Pelajari pola-polanya dengan baik sebagaimana yang akan dijelaskan berikut ini.

Polanya adalah: S + Verb + Object + Adv of Manner + Adv of Place + Adv of Time

Contoh:
Our teacher  spoke  to us  very rudely  in the class  yesterday
      S              V         O       Manner        Place        Time

Catatan:
a. Adverb of time bisa disimpan di awal kalimat, bisa juga disimpan di akhir kalimat.

- Yesterday I visited her.
- I visited her yesterday.

b. Adverb of place selalu disimpan di akhir kalimat.

- I read a book in the library.

c. Adverb of manner dalam intransitive verb (kata kerja yang tidak menghendaki objek).

- I slept soundly.
- He studies hard.

d. Adverb of manner dalam transitive verb (kata kerja yang menghendaki objek).

- He speaks English well.
- She sings a song melodiously.

Adverb of manner dengan akhiran -ly yang digunakan dengan transitive verb dapat ditempatkan setelah subjek maupun di akhir.

- I had completely forgotten it.
- I had forgotten it completely.

e. Adverb of frequency ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja atau sesudah auxiliary verb.

- I always come late.
- He is always at home on Sunday.

 

Contoh Soal TOEFL Word Order

 

1. The bills are folded in an origami style in a ______.
    A. three-dimensionals frame
    B. three-dimensional frame
    C. three-dimensional-frame
    D. three-frames dimensional
Jawaban : B
Keyword : in a.

2. Those football matches will be ______ on television tonight.
    A. internationally broadcasting
    B. broadcasted international
    C. internationally broadcasted
    D. broadcasting international
Jawaban : C
Keyword : will be

3. The Whitney Boomerang is the first ______ which exceeds all crash testing requirements.
    A. two seater aircraft
    B. two-seater aircraft
    C. two seaters aircraft
    D. two-sealers aircraft
Jawaban : B
Keyword : the first

4. There will be ______ in this town next two days.
    A. an essential five days convention
    B. an essential-five-day convention
    C. an essential-five-days convention
    D. essential five days convention
Jawaban : B
Keyword : there will be

5. Not only ______ the best student in his school, but he also receives a scholarship.
    A. Markus becomes
    B. did Markus become
    C. does Markus become
    D. Markus becoming
Jawaban : C
Keyword : Not only

6. She woke up ______ this morning because of studying hard in the previous night.
    A. late
    B. lately
    C. lattest
    D. later
Jawaban : A
Keyword : woke up

7. Not only _____ a good thing; he did the right thing.
    A. Did Sam do
    B. Will Sam do
    C. Sam did
    D. Sam do
Jawaban : C
Keyword : Not only

8. Thomas Alfa Edison invented _____.
    A. electric lights
    B. the electric lights
    C. an electric lights
    D. electric light
Jawaban : A
Keyword : invented

9. ______, Airlangga University has a well-respected medical school.
    A. As university
    B. As Public university
    C. As the university
    D. As a Public university
Jawaban : D
Keyword : Airlangga University

10. There are only 90 questions in this test, _____?
     A. did there
     B. didn’t there
     C. don’t there
     D. aren’t there
Jawaban : D
Keyword : are

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